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 reference

This page last updated: January 4, 2015

  This page has a bibliography, denominations, reckonings, grading equivalents, Swedish/English translations, a list of monarchs, major events and a coinage timeline that may be useful in the study of Swedish coppers.

 

Bibliography

Some texts I have found useful in my Swedish copper collecting endeavors.

Tonkin, Archie & Henrik (2012), Myntboken
Krause Publications (2012), Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1600-2012  (KM numbers)
Ahlstrom, Bjarne (1976), Sveriges Mynt 1521-1977, The Coinage of Sweden  (SM numbers)
Ahlstrom, Bjarne (1967), Coins of the Swedish Possessions, 1561-1878
Tingstrom, Bertel (1969), Swedish Coins, 1521 - 1968
Rucker, David, Coins of Sweden to Queen Christina
Haljak, Gunnar (2012), Livonian Coins, Part II, Kingdoms 16th-18th century
Ecklund, O.P. & Holmberg, Berta (1962), Copper Coins of Sweden and Coinage of Swedish Plate Money
Hobson, Burton (1970), Catalogue of Scandanavian Coins
Royal Coin Cabinet, Museum of National Antiquities (1964), The Monetary History of Sweden
Mynt Tidningen (Coin Magazine)
Denis Cooper, Spink & Son (1988), The Art and Craft of Coinmaking – A History of Minting Technology
Veronica Buckley, Christina - Queen of Sweden  (biography)


 

Denominations and Reckonings

A listing of denominations and conversions that are encountered in Swedish coinage.

Copper denominations:

Öre: 1/4 (Fyrk), 1/2, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50

Öre K. M. (Koppar Mynt) : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3

Öre S. M. (Silver Mynt) : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 6

Skilling: 1/12, : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1

Skilling Banco: 1/6, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1, 2, 4

Daler (emergency Money)

Silver Denominations:

Gyllen

Öre: 4, 5, 8, 10, 16

Mark: 1, 2, 4, 8

Caroliner (= 2 Mark): 2, 4

Riksdaler : 1/32, 1/24, 1/16, 1/12, 1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1

Riksdaler Riksmynt: 1, 2

Riksdaler Specie (= 4 Riksdaler Riksmynt): 1

Daler S.M.: 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and countermarked to ¾, 1 ½ , 3 for plate money Krona (pl. Kronor): 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200

Current: Öre and Kronor

Reckonings - A system used to identify the numerous relationships between the denominations.

Early: 1 Mark = 8 Ore = 24 ortugar = 64 penningar

1604 -1776: 1 Daler = 4 Mark = 32 Ore S.M. = 96 Ore K.M. Ratio of S.M. (silver money) to K.M. (copper money) varied in this period. 1 Riksdaler = 3 Daler = 288 Ore K.M. (added 1748?)

1776-1855: 1 Riksdaler = 48 Skilling

1855-1873:1 Riksdaler Specie= 4 Riksdaler Riksmynt = 400 Ore

1873-?: 1 Krona (pl. Kroner) = 100 Ore ($1 = 6.5 SEK on 12/2013)


 

Grading Equivalents

The Swedes use the 0-2 grading scale. Here it is with it's equivalents.

0 = Unc.

01 = EF

1+ = VF

1 = F

1? = VG

2 = Poor


 

Translations

SwedishEnglish
aktuellacurrent
angeenter
ansvararresponsible
attto
avslutadended
åndradamended?
årtalyear
årtalsforteckningyear list
åtsidanreverse (back side)
äktagenuine
äveneven
banköverföringbank transfer
bågarc, curved
begravningfuneral
belönings medaillereward medal
belöningsmedaljerreward medal
bernadotteskaBernadotte
besittningarpossessions
besittningarnespossession of Arnes?
beskrifningdescription
beskrivningendescription
betingarcommand
bilderimages
bokenbook, manual, guide, paper
bokforlagetthe publishing house
bra skickgood condition
bredwide
brettbroad
dessits
du har vunnit budgivningenyou have won the bidding
ej vunnennot won
en auktion på din minneslista är snart slutan auction on your checklist is coming to an end
exemplarspecimen
falskfalse
ficklexikonpocket dictionary
finnssee
flink o färdigagile and ready
fulltfully
förof
förminskadereduced
forteckninglist
franfrom
frånsidanobverse
guldgold
hacknotch, e.g. A dig (also peck)
hammarprägladehammer struck
handbokhandbook
hjälpahelp
hjärterhearts
hoppethope
huvudhead
jamteplus
jordglobglobe
kalendercalender
kantedge
kantexclipped edge
kantrandedge milling
klubbadeclubbed
kranswreath
kröningcoronation
kronancrown
kronbottencrown bottom (base)
konstnärartist
kontantcash
kopiacopy
köperbuyer
kopparcopper
korrektcorrect
kortshort
kortast tid kvarshortest time left
landtgrefvenland grave
lejonlion
litetsmall
ljuslight
läggaadd
lägg i minneslistaadd to saved list
låglow
långlong
medwith
mellanbetween
metallmetal
minneslistachecklist
minnespenningarremembrance money
mycket hög kvalitévery high quality
myntcoins
myntsamlandetcoin collecting
mörkdark
neddown
objektetitem
ochand
offentligapublic
ortplace
överover
ovanligtunusual
on
passafit, adjust, adapt, suit, wait for, mind, look after, attend to, be ready
passa på att lägga budattend to the opportunity to add to bid
plants.planchets
praktmyntmagnificent coin
präglingsglansmint sheen
priserprices
progladeforecast, program
publica fide (latin)faith in the state
punktpoint
raktstraight
räffladribbed, milled
rengjordcleaned
rutadsquare, lozenged
ruterdiamonds
sällsyntrare
säljersell
säljarensseller
saknarmissing
samlarcollecting
samlingcollection
senast inlagdalast additions
silfversilver
slätsmooth
smalslim
smaltnarrow
småsmall
snedoblique
stämprnathe stamps
stortlarge
svärdsword
Svenska Numismatiska FöreningenSwdish Numismatic Society
SverigeSweden
svenska konungahusetsSwedish Royal House
synligtvisible
tätdense
tillverkaremanufacturers
tjockthick
trasigtbroken
upplaganumber made (mintage)
utanwithout
utgivarepublisher
utlandskaforeign
valprägladewell struck
valsverksprägladeroller-mill struck
voluter? scroll work, as on a shield
värderarvalue
värderingspriservaluation prices
variantbeskrivningvariant description
visa hela minneslistanview the complete the checklist
visar objekt sorterat på sluttiddisplays items sorted in the end time
wett o wapenreason and arms

 

Monarchs

Gustav II Adolf (1611-1632)

Christina (1632-1654)

Karl X Gustav (1654-1660)

Karl XI (1660-1697)

Karl XII (1697-1718)

Ulrika Eleonora (1718-1720)

Frederick I (1720-1751)

Adolf Fredrik (1751-1771)

Gustav III (1771-1792)

Gustav IV Adolph (1792-1809)

Karl XIII (1809-1818)

Karl XIV Johan (1818-1844)

Oscar I (1844-1859)

Karl XV (1859-1872)

Oscar II (1872-1907)

Gustav V (1907-1950)

Gustav VI Adolf (1950-1973)

Carl XVI Gustaf (1973-?)


 

Major Events

Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)

New Sweden Colony (1638-1654)

Treaty of Roskilde (1658)

Scanian War (1674-1679)

Great Northern War (1700-1721)

Plague and Frost (1708-1712)

Treaty of Nystad (1721)

Age of Liberty (1719-1772)

Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743)

Pomeranian War (1757-1762)

Coup of Gustav III (1772)

United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway (1815-1905)


 

Coinage Timeline

~ 825 A.D. – Earliest coinage introduced due to Viking Age

~ 1000 A.D. – Pennies in the names of Scandinavian kings

12th century – Development of bracteates

~1521 – Introduction of silver coins by Gustav Vasa marked the end of medieval Scandinavian coinage

1624 – Introduction of copper coins

1644 – 1776 – Plate money used until Coinage Act of Nov. 27, 1776

1715 – Emergency money issued

1799 – Redenomination from Ore to Skilling

1832 – First use of collars in minting process

1855 – Return to Ore

1873 – 1 Krona = 100 Ore


 

 

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